How to Secure Your Home Printer from Hackers

Every connected device in your home is a potential entry point for hackers. Your wireless printer, while often overlooked, can create a significant security gap in your network—especially if left with factory-default settings and unpatched firmware. For Australian households increasingly working from home, securing your printer is no longer optional—it’s essential.

In this article, we’ll equip you with the knowledge needed to turn your printer from a liability into a secure part of your network infrastructure. You’ll learn actionable steps to prevent unauthorised access, secure your network connections, and implement best practices that protect your sensitive documents from cyber threats.

Why Printer Security Matters for Australian Home Users

It’s easy to dismiss a printer as a mere output device, but modern printers are complex Internet of Things (IoT) devices running full operating systems. They’re capable of storing data, connecting to the internet, and communicating over your local network. This complexity makes them an attractive target for hackers.

Entry Point for Network Infiltration

An unsecured printer, particularly one with outdated firmware, can be exploited by attackers to gain access to your entire home network. Once inside, the attacker can move laterally to target more valuable assets, such as your computers, smartphones, and network-attached storage (NAS) devices. With more Australian households working remotely, the stakes for network security have never been higher.

Unauthorised Access to Sensitive Documents

Printers often have internal memory or hard drives that store a cache of every document printed—from tax returns and medical records to proprietary company reports. If an attacker gains access to the printer’s web interface or file system, they can steal this stored data, leading to identity theft or corporate espionage. This is particularly concerning for Australians managing sensitive personal or business information from home.

Data Interception During Wireless Printing

When printing over Wi-Fi, the data packet travelling from your computer to the printer is vulnerable. If your printer and network lack proper encryption (especially if still using deprecated protocols like WEP), a sophisticated adversary can intercept and capture print job data, revealing document contents in transit.

Printer Hijacking for Malicious Purposes

In worst-case scenarios, a compromised printer can be hijacked and weaponised. Attackers have used unsecured printers as a launchpad for Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks against other targets or, more disruptively, to display malicious messages or print reams of junk data, incurring costs and rendering the device useless.

Common Printer Security Vulnerabilities

A security vulnerability is a flaw or weakness in a system that can be exploited by an attacker. For home printers, these vulnerabilities often stem from convenience features that prioritise ease of use over security. Knowing these weak points is the first step towards protection.

Generic or default administrator credentials (e.g., admin/password) are the most exploited flaws, allowing anyone on the network to hijack device control.

Outdated encryption (WEP/WPA) makes it easy for nearby attackers to intercept network traffic, potentially exposing print jobs or the printer’s management interface.

Neglected firmware updates leave the printer vulnerable to publicly known exploits that manufacturers have already patched.

Unprotected ports (like 9100 or 631) can act as entry points for hackers scanning for vulnerable devices.

Lack of SSL/TLS protocols causes management commands and print jobs to be transmitted unencrypted, exposing sensitive data to interception.

Cloud-linked services introduce external connection points that can serve as network entry points if compromised.

Essential Steps to Secure Your Home Printer

Securing your printer doesn’t require an IT degree, but it does require diligence and a few focused configuration changes. Whether you’re using a business printer for your home office or a personal printer for everyday tasks, these steps apply universally.

Change Default Passwords and Settings

The single most effective defence is eliminating the factory-set credentials.

Step-by-step guide to accessing printer settings:

1. Locate the IP Address: Print a configuration or network settings page using the printer’s physical control panel. The IP address will be listed (e.g., 192.168.1.15)

2. Access the Web Interface: Type this IP address into any web browser on a device connected to the same network. This opens the printer’s Embedded Web Server (EWS) or control panel

3. Log In: Use the default administrator credentials (check your printer manual for common defaults)

4. Navigate to Security Settings: Find the ‘Security,’ ‘Network,’ or ‘Administrator Settings’ tab

5. Change the Password: Create a strong, unique password using a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters

Disable unnecessary default features:

While in the EWS, look for options like Wi-Fi Direct (which creates a separate Wi-Fi hotspot) or Guest Access. If you don’t use them, disable them to reduce the attack surface.

Update Printer Firmware Regularly

Firmware updates are the security patches of the printer world.

Why firmware updates are critical:

Firmware updates fix known, published vulnerabilities (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, or CVEs). Failing to install them leaves exploitable weaknesses in your system.

How to check for and install firmware updates:

1. Go to the EWS (as described above)

2. Navigate to the ‘Management,’ ‘Tools,’ or ‘Firmware Update’ section

3. Select an option to check for updates online or download the latest file from the manufacturer’s website and upload it manually

4. Configure your printer or its accompanying desktop software to automatically check for and notify you of new firmware releases

5. If your model supports it, enable automatic installation

Secure Your Wireless Network Connection

Your printer is only as secure as the network it lives on. Strengthening the underlying connection is essential.

Use Strong Encryption:

Ensure your main home Wi-Fi network uses WPA3 (the current standard) or, at minimum, WPA2 with AES encryption. Avoid legacy WEP or WPA (TKIP) protocols entirely.

Implement Network Segmentation:

If your router supports it, place all your “less secure” IoT devices, including your printer, on a separate VLAN or Guest Network. This isolates them from your primary computers and file servers, preventing an attacker who compromises the printer from reaching your sensitive data.

Disable WPS:

While convenient, WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) has significant security flaws that allow brute-force attacks on the network PIN. Disable WPS on your router and printer.

Enable MAC Address Filtering:

As an extra layer of defence, configure your router to only allow the printer’s specific MAC address to connect. This prevents unknown devices from joining your network by impersonating the printer.

Enable Printer Security Features

Modern printers include features designed for network environments that you can also use at home.

Firewall Configuration:

Many printers have a basic, built-in firewall. Check the EWS security settings to ensure it’s enabled and configured to restrict incoming connections only to what’s necessary (usually your local network range).

Secure Printing Protocols:

Where possible, configure your printer to use IPP over HTTPS for printing, which encrypts print job data. If you use Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for monitoring, use the encrypted SNMPv3 protocol.

PIN/Password-Protected Printing:

For highly sensitive documents, use the “Secure Print” feature. This holds the document on the printer’s internal storage until a PIN or password is entered at the physical control panel, preventing documents from being left unattended in the output tray.

Access Control Lists (ACLs):

Restrict which IP addresses on your network can access the printer’s management interface or send print jobs. Limit access only to your trusted home devices.

Disable Unused Features and Ports

To minimise vulnerabilities, apply the principle of least privilege by closing unnecessary network entry points.

Access the Embedded Web Server (EWS) to:

• Disable unused protocols like FTP or LPR/LPD

• Deactivate cloud printing to eliminate external access vectors

• Close common network ports (e.g., 9100 and 631)

• Disable remote management features to prevent unauthorised internet-based configuration attempts

Advanced Security Measures

For remote workers and users handling highly sensitive documents, these advanced techniques provide additional protection.

Setting Up a VPN for Printer Access

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) encrypts all traffic between your device and a secure network point. By configuring your router (if supported) to establish a VPN tunnel, you ensure that even local traffic destined for the printer is encapsulated in an encrypted channel. This is particularly valuable when printing from a laptop connected to an untrusted public Wi-Fi network, such as those found in Australian cafés or co-working spaces.

Network Segmentation Strategies

Network segmentation extends the guest network concept by isolating devices into Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs). By placing your printer on a dedicated IoT Network (VLAN 2) and keeping computers or NAS devices on a Management Network (VLAN 1), you prevent lateral movement. If the printer is compromised, the attacker is contained within the restricted IoT segment, unable to access sensitive data on your primary network.

Regular Security Audits

Treat your printer like any other network server. Periodically run a port scan (using tools like Nmap) on the printer’s IP address to check for unexpectedly open or unused network ports. This proactively identifies configuration drift or vulnerabilities that a firmware update may have introduced.

Monitor Printer Logs for Suspicious Activity

Modern printers maintain internal security logs accessible via the Embedded Web Server (EWS). Regularly audit these logs for:

• Unexpected reboots: May signal a firmware-level attack or security action

• Frequent failed login attempts: Indicate an active brute-force attempt on administrator credentials

• Unsolicited configuration changes: Often a definitive indicator of tampering

For Australian home office users, checking these logs monthly can help identify potential security incidents before they escalate into serious breaches.

HP Security Solutions and Features

HP printers are resilient network endpoints that embed hardware-level security features designed to detect, protect, and recover from attacks. These capabilities are particularly valuable for Australian households managing sensitive personal or business information.

HP Wolf Security for Printers

HP Wolf Security is a portfolio of security solutions that integrates hardware-enforced protection across the PC and printer ecosystems. It applies Zero Trust principles, meaning the device assumes its environment is hostile and rigorously validates every action.

HP Wolf Pro Security is often included with professional-grade HP printers suitable for hybrid or home office use, providing secure default settings and continuous, hardware-powered protection. Learn more about HP Wolf Security.

Self-Healing Security Features in HP Printers

This signature HP technology allows devices to defend themselves without human intervention:

HP Sure Start: Validates the BIOS (startup code) integrity at every boot. If corruption or a rootkit is detected, it automatically restarts with a secure, “golden copy” of the BIOS.

Whitelisting: Ensures only digitally signed, HP-approved firmware can execute. Any sign of tampering triggers an automatic reboot to a secure state.

Run-time Intrusion Detection (Memory Shield™): Monitors device memory in real-time for malicious injections. If an attack is detected, the printer isolates the threat and initiates a self-healing reboot.

HP Connection Inspector: Analyses outbound network requests for botnet activity. If the printer attempts to contact a malicious server, the feature forces a secure reboot to sever the connection.

These features work continuously in the background, providing Australian users with peace of mind that their printer is actively defending against cyber threats.

HP JetAdvantage Security Manager

Whilst historically aimed at enterprise environments, HP JetAdvantage Security Manager offers sophisticated security management for fleets of HP devices. For dedicated home users with multiple HP devices, it streamlines the deployment and enforcement of a single security policy (e.g., password complexity, port disabling) across all compatible printers, automating assessment and remediation of security settings.

Automatic Threat Detection Capabilities

The combination of features like Run-time Intrusion Detection and Connection Inspector gives HP printers an active threat detection posture. Instead of relying solely on signature-based detection (which can be slow), they use behavioural analytics to spot anomalies in code execution and network traffic, automatically neutralising even zero-day attacks by triggering an immediate, self-healing reboot.

Understanding Australian Privacy Considerations

Australian households should be particularly mindful of privacy regulations when handling sensitive documents. The Privacy Act 1988 governs how personal information is collected, used, and stored in Australia. Whilst this primarily applies to organisations, home office workers handling client or customer information should implement similar protections.

Key considerations for Australian users:

• Ensure printed documents containing personal information are stored securely or disposed of properly using a cross-cut shredder

• Be aware that storing documents on printer memory may constitute holding personal information under privacy principles

• Consider the implications of cloud printing services in terms of data storage locations and jurisdiction

• Implement secure printing features for documents containing sensitive Australian tax or financial information

Protecting Your Printer Investment

Beyond security, proper printer maintenance protects your investment and ensures reliable performance. Australian conditions, particularly in areas with high humidity or dust, can affect printer performance and longevity.

Additional maintenance tips for Australian users:

• Keep printers in climate-controlled environments away from direct sunlight, which is particularly intense in Australian summers

• Regularly clean printer components to prevent dust accumulation, especially in drier regions

• Use genuine HP ink and toner cartridges to maintain print quality and avoid potential security risks from counterfeit products

• Consider HP Instant Ink for automatic cartridge delivery and reduced printing costs

Best Practices for Ongoing Printer Security

Security is an ongoing process, not a one-time setup. Maintaining a secure home printer requires continuous diligence:

• Update administrator credentials every 90 days to limit the utility of potentially stolen passwords

• Check for firmware patches semi-annually to stay ahead of known exploits

• Use a cross-cut shredder for documents containing personal identifying information (PII) or financial data

• Educate household members to recognise signs of tampering, such as unexplained rebooting or ghost print jobs

• Place devices in secure locations to prevent unauthorised data retrieval from the output tray

• Review security logs monthly for unusual activity

• Maintain an inventory of connected devices and their security settings

• Document your security configuration for quick recovery if you need to reset your printer to factory defaults

For Australian remote workers, these practices are particularly important as you may be handling sensitive business information that’s subject to your employer’s security policies or industry regulations.

Troubleshooting Common Security Issues

Even with proper configuration, you may encounter security-related issues. Here are common problems and solutions for Australian users:

Problem: Unable to access printer after changing security settings
Solution: Reset the printer to factory defaults using the physical control panel, then reconfigure security settings carefully, documenting each change

Problem: Printer firmware updates failing
Solution: Check your internet connection, ensure sufficient printer memory is available, and verify you’re downloading updates from official HP sources

Problem: Intermittent wireless connectivity after enabling security features
Solution: Verify your router supports the encryption standards you’ve enabled, check for interference from other wireless devices, and ensure your printer’s wireless drivers are up to date

Problem: Cannot print from mobile devices after implementing network segmentation
Solution: Ensure your mobile devices and printer are on the same network segment, or configure your router to allow printing across VLANs whilst maintaining security

Comparing Security Features Across Printer Types

Different printer categories offer varying levels of security features. Understanding these differences helps Australian consumers make informed purchasing decisions.

Business Printers vs Personal Printers

Business printers typically include:

• Hardware-based security features like secure boot and runtime intrusion detection

• Advanced user authentication options including PIN codes and card readers

• More comprehensive security logging and audit trails

• Support for enterprise security protocols and network segmentation

Personal printers generally offer:

• Basic password protection and wireless security

• Firmware update capabilities

• Standard encryption protocols

• Simplified security settings suitable for home use

Laser Printers vs Inkjet Printers

LaserJet printers often feature more robust security due to their business-oriented design, including self-healing capabilities and automatic threat detection. They’re ideal for Australian home offices with higher security requirements.

Inkjet printers, including models like the HP Smart Tank series, provide adequate security for typical home use whilst offering cost-effective printing for Australian families managing everyday documents.

Integration with Home Office Technology

Your printer security should integrate seamlessly with your broader home office technology ecosystem. Consider how your printer works with other devices you use daily.

Laptop and Desktop Integration

When connecting laptops or desktops to your printer, ensure:

• Print drivers are downloaded from official HP sources only

• Device firewalls are configured to allow printer communication whilst blocking unauthorised access

• Print job data is encrypted during transmission

• Saved printer configurations are protected with system passwords

Mobile Device Security

Australian mobile workers often print from smartphones and tablets. Secure mobile printing by:

• Using official HP mobile printing apps from verified app stores

• Enabling device authentication before allowing print jobs

• Avoiding printing sensitive documents over public Wi-Fi networks

• Configuring mobile devices to “forget” printer connections when not in use

Multi-Device Households

For Australian households with multiple users and devices:

• Create separate user accounts on the printer with appropriate permission levels

• Implement print quotas if managing household printing costs

• Educate all family members about secure printing practices

• Consider using pull-printing (secure release) for sensitive documents

The Future of Printer Security in Australia

As cyber threats evolve, so too must printer security. Emerging trends that will impact Australian users include:

AI-Powered Threat Detection: Next-generation printers will use artificial intelligence to identify and respond to sophisticated attacks in real-time, learning from global threat intelligence networks.

Blockchain-Based Authentication: Some manufacturers are exploring blockchain technology for immutable security logs and device authentication, providing Australian businesses with enhanced audit trails.

Biometric Security: Future printers may incorporate fingerprint or facial recognition for document release, eliminating the risk of forgotten PINs or stolen passwords.

5G Connectivity: As Australia’s 5G network expands, printers with cellular connectivity will offer new security considerations and opportunities for remote management.

Zero Trust Architecture: The industry is moving towards comprehensive Zero Trust models where every action, user, and connection is verified continuously rather than relying on perimeter security alone.

Staying informed about these developments helps Australian users make forward-thinking purchasing decisions and maintain long-term security.

Conclusion

Modern home printers are networked devices that, if left unmanaged, can serve as entry points for unauthorised access. Securing these devices requires regular maintenance and implementation of standard security protocols, such as firmware updates and network isolation. For Australian households, particularly those with home offices, proactive management of printer security settings helps protect sensitive data and ensures the integrity of your home network.

By following the essential steps outlined in this guide—changing default passwords, updating firmware regularly, implementing network segmentation, and enabling built-in security features—you can transform your printer from a potential vulnerability into a secure, reliable component of your home office. Whether you’re using a business printer for professional work or a personal printer for household tasks, these security practices apply universally.

Remember, printer security is an ongoing commitment, not a one-time configuration. Regular security audits, firmware updates, and awareness of emerging threats will keep your home office protected as cyber threats continue to evolve. For Australian users managing sensitive personal or business information, investing time in proper printer security is an essential aspect of comprehensive home network protection.

Start securing your printer today by implementing these straightforward yet effective security measures. Your sensitive documents—and your peace of mind—are worth the effort.