Glossary

The following are definitions of terms as used in this report.

Accessibility — Provision of products and information for people with disabilities.

Alternative energy — Energy produced from sources other than fossil fuels.

APJ — The geographical and business region consisting of Asia Pacific and Japan.

Bioplastic — A form of plastic derived from plant sources rather than petroleum (as in other plastics).

BFRs — Brominated flame retardants. Additives containing bromine compounds used to reduce the flammability of combustible organic materials and prevent electronics, clothes and furniture from catching fire. Commonly used in circuit boards and cables.

Biodegradable materials — Materials originating from organic sources, which decompose naturally when disposed of in systems such as composting that allow for natural decomposition to occur.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) — A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas that has been determined to be the most significant contributor to climate change.

Carbon footprint (or Climate footprint) — A measure of an individual, company or country's contribution to climate change. It is the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted by this entity minus those offset by carbon emissions reductions elsewhere. Measured in units of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂e).

Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors — A type of computer monitor which generates an electron beam and deflects it in a large glass vacuum tube onto a fluorescent screen, creating an image. Largely replaced by LCD and plasma screen technology.

Climate change — A change of climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, beyond natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.

Corporate governance — Structures and standards designed to promote fairness and transparency in the conduct of corporate activities.

CFCs — Chlorofluorocarbons. Gases formed of chlorine, fluorine and carbon. A group of ozone-depleting gases (see Ozone-depleting substances).

CO₂ — Carbon dioxide. A greenhouse gas, emitted when fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are burned.

CSCI: Climate Savers Computer Initiative — Initially developed by WWF, Intel and Google, this initiative brings together industry, consumers, government, and conservation organizations to significantly increase the energy efficiency of computers and servers.

Data center — A building that houses a collection of servers to host websites and process network information. Some data centers may have hundreds of individual servers.

Dematerialization — A reduction in the quantity of materials used to achieve the same result.

DfE — Design for Environment. HP specific design features to address product environmental impact. Includes energy efficiency, materials innovations and design for recyclability.

Digital divide — Inequality in access to information and communication technology (ICT).

Diversity — Representation within an organization of people of different backgrounds, including gender, color, race, ancestry, religion, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression or covered veteran status.

Eco-label — A standardized symbol or logo used to indicate that the product on which it appears meets certain pre-defined environmental criteria.

e-commerce — Buying and selling products and services over the internet.

e-waste — Electronic waste made up of unwanted electronic devices that are discarded.

EHS — Environment, Health and Safety. HP has a global EHS organization that identifies significant environmental impacts, sets standards, manages audit and assurance programs and recommends targets to management.

EMEA — The geographical and business region consisting of Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

Emerging markets — Relatively fast-growing economies, primarily among developing countries.

Energy efficiency — Using less energy to provide the same outcome. Energy efficiency can reduce the financial and environmental impacts of product use.

Energy security — Concerns regarding reduced access to energy supplies as a result of decreased natural availability, geopolitical factors and/ or market price increases and instability.

ENERGY STAR^® — The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's voluntary program that sets energy efficiency criteria for IT products.

EPA — The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Ergonomics — The science of matching jobs and work demands to the physical capabilities of people.

Fossil fuels — Non-renewable hydro-carbon fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, that are burned to create electricity, heat and vehicle fuel.

GeSI — Global e-sustainability Initiative: a global partnership of ICT companies that promotes technologies for sustainable development.

Global citizenship — Companies' efforts to make a positive contribution to the global community beyond their commercial role as a business.

Global warming — The gradual rise of the earth's surface temperature.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) — A gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases that can be produced by human activities include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride.

GSE — General Specification for the Environment. HP product specification detailing certain substances prohibited or restricted from HP products for environmental, health or safety reasons.

GRI — Global Reporting Initiative. A multi-stakeholder process and institution that is developing guidelines for corporate reporting on economic, environmental and social issues.

GuideLine — An ethics telephone resource line where employees and others can anonymously and confidentially report issues and address concerns regarding the integrity of HP's business practices.

HFCs — Hydrofluorocarbons. Gases formed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon. A group of gases used to replace ozone-depleting gases.

HP Labs — HP's central research and innovation organization.

ICT — Information and communications technology. IT - Information technology.

ISO 14001 — The International Organization for Standardization's standard for environmental management systems.

kWh — Kilowatt hour. A measure of energy. It represents the amount of energy expended by a one-thousand-watt load drawing power for one hour.

Landfill diversion rate — A term used in this report to refer to the percentage of waste that does not go to landfill (for example, that is reused, recycled, burned for energy recovery or incinerated).

LBG — London Benchmarking Group. A group of over 100 companies working together to measure Corporate Community Investment.

Lost workday case rate — The number of employee work-related injuries or illnesses resulting in time away from work for every 100 employees working a full year.

Low-carbon economy — The economy of a society that has successfully reduced its greenhouse gas emissions to the levels required to mitigate the effects of global warming per the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Microenterprise — A very small business.

Nanotechnology — Technology based on the control of matter on a molecular scale. A nanometre is one billionth of a meter.

NGO — Non-governmental organization.

OHSAS 18001 — International guidelines for occupational health and safety management systems.

Ozone-depleting substances — Manmade chemicals that deplete the ozone layer.

PAC — Political Action Committee. A group or committee formed to support candidates for elective office in the United States.

PBB and PBDE — Polybrominated biphenyl compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Flame Retardants that have been used to reduce flammability in electronics products.

PFCs — Perfluorocarbons. A group of solvents used in the semiconductor industry for cleaning and etching.

Planet Partners — HP's product recycling program.

PVC — Polyvinyl chloride. A widely-used plastic which is cheap and durable. Commonly used for cable and wire insulation.

Radio frequency identification technology — A wireless method used to automatically track items as they move from place to place, such as during delivery.

REACH — Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals Regulation. A European Union directive developed in December 2006. Requires new and existing chemical substances to be registered and monitored.

Remediation — Restoring contaminated land to a usable condition.

Renewable energy — Energy produced using a naturally replenishing fuel source such as water flow, the sun or wind. These energy sources are not completely carbon-free as there is some carbon emitted through their construction phase, and can have other impacts on the environment, however they are much less carbon intensive than fossil fuels.

RoHS Directive — Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. A European Union directive that restricts the presence of certain substances in electrical and electronic products placed on the market in the European Union from July 2006 and beyond.

Safe Harbor — As used in this report, an agreement between the U.S. Department of Commerce and the European Commission that allows companies to self-certify to a set of privacy principles based on European standards.

Small, minority- and women-owned business procurement — Policies and practices to ensure small, minority- and women-owned businesses have equal opportunities to be suppliers and resellers.

Social investment — A company’s contribution to social goals, including philanthropy, community engagement and business models that combine profit making with social goals.

SRI — Socially Responsible Investment. SRI investors include social, environmental and ethical criteria in their investment decisions.

Stakeholders — Individuals or groups that affect or are affected by the activities of a company.

Standards of Excellence — Online training to help HP employees comply with company policies and meet high standards of conduct in their work.

Sustainability — The ability to meet the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Telework — The use of information technology to work at home or otherwise away from a traditional office environment.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights — A voluntary declaration adopted by the UN in 1948, describing the human rights guaranteed to all people.

VoW — Voice of the Workforce. HP's regular employee satisfaction survey.

VPAT — Voluntary Product Accessibility Template. A standardized document that describes the conformance of an IT product to Section 508 accessibility standards for people with disabilities.

WEEE Directive — Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive. A European Union directive that will place certain responsibilities for recycling end-of-life electronics products on producers (manufacturers, sellers, distributors).